Potential Resources for Steve Richardson's “Prisoners of the Utah War” Paper
From the LDS Church Historical Library

Index number from notebook given in (parentheses), names of specific POWs in red.

MS 13631  Jones, Miles Hudson, Account of the Utah War 1857 Nov-Dec.  Worked building the battery.  Cleared brush on hillside above battery.  2 deserters from Federal Troops.  Fights among Mormons, horse stealing.  Describes the well-laid-out Echo Canyon camp.  Militia.  (1)

Governor Cummings has sent an express to Governor Young which passed here tonight.
Sunday the 29th [Nov 1857] weather cloudy with some snow.  3 or 4 teamsters from the enemies camp passed today with W (Bill) Hickman.  Monday the 30th still cloudy with some snow.  It is reported that 60 men have left the enemies camp for Mexico, to fetch a recruit of Animals in the spring.
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MS 8186  Layne, Jonathan Ellis, Autobiography, 1897.  Promised by B. Young they wouldn't be hurt.  He was in the cavalry.  Harvested grain at Ft. Supply and cached it.  Found Ft. Bridger burning.  Messenger who didn't know the password.  Cold, not enough blankets or clothing.  Took food to Porter Rockwell's group.  Captured a US deserter (Wilcken?).  Sent home because he was sick.  (15)
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MS 5709  Parry, Joseph, Autobiography, 1908.  With Gilbert Belnap under Joseph Taylor, then Lot Smith.  Took federal cattle.  Good description of Army camp.  Meeting of Lot Smith and Capt. Marcy.  Gunfire, Mark Hall's hat hit by bullet.  Major Taylor captured.  Released 20 November but called back to Echo.  Move to Provo Bottom.  Sold produce to soldiers at Bridger.  Soldiers hated Mormons, tired of eating mule meat.  Met apostates in Echo Canyon, almost hanged.  Rescued from apostates by soldiers.  (20)
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MS 14253 Lewis Barney 1808-1894, Autobiography and Diary 1878-1883; 1886-1890.
p.77  There was an express keep up to watch the movements of the Army.  These express men some of them would pass for a strangers (sic), and ride into camp, turn traters to the mormons while in their company.  by this [p. 78] means they could learn their intentions, then return home and report to the Mormons all that was going on in the camp of the approaching army.  by this means we learned that it was their intentions to push their way into Salt Lake City, take Brigham Young and all the leading men and hang them.  take the Mormon women and prostitute and defile them at their pleasure, and break up their system of worship.
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19166-LIBR-88 Lorenzo Brown Diary
(18) [Oct 1857] Sunday Doing nothing  Got some clean clothes from home & a letter  Wm Hickman came in with a prisoner named Yates  He has sold 3 or 400 lbs powder & some lead etc. to the troops which he had promised to us.
(14) [Oct 1857] Worked from 9 till 12.  News from soldiers Two Hickmans went into camp & are there detained  Called on guard at 6 PM   Letter from home & sent one
(15)  guard till 6 PM troubled some with toothache  Express came just at night  One Hickman sent with dispatches to Gen Wells the other still kept close  OP Rockwell & company have taken 700 head of cattle  Troop are moving about 8 miles a day up Hams Fork  Officers have written to Pres B Young
(11) [Nov 1857] Went to Weber ford to help make a foot bridge for our people to come across  Young Hickman passed in having been released  C Wheelock came down with orders from Gen Wells   All our horsemen are sent out with orders to throw lead as soon as the troops pass Bridger  Cold day & very cold night  2 1/2 feet snow on the little & 5 on the big mountain  FD Richards & John Taylor went out saw a Woolf on his way home   240 head of cattle went in
p. 92 29 Nov--He stands guard over Warren Drake
        1 Dec 1857  All vote that Drake should be executed.
       13 Dec notes that Drake was reprieved by Governor.
p. 112  25 Dec 1859 Account of Wm Hickman's shootout with Lot Huntington.
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MS 8237 Item 1 Andrew Jackson Allen Diary 1848-1884.
p. 13
Oct 14th [1857]
Then sent them [captured cattle] on to the valley   I went up to foart surply to recruit my men and here I met with some of my oald comrads that started with me from home.  To day one of the boys that ware taken prisoner came back, he informes us that there is some mountaineers dooing all against our people that can.  Now we sent and tuck one of the mojntaineers prisener that kept a trading poast near Green River and all his store   his name was Yates, there is another by the name of Baker now pileting the armey.
...
Oct. 24th  
Too more of the teemsters left the soaldiers came to our camp  To day there was a possey of men sent to the mountaineers (Yates) place to bring in his affects some goods and some annimels.
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MS 16318  Biographical Information regarding Joseph Taylor Family 1973-1975.  (It's supposed to give some details on his capture and that of William Stowell by Johnston's Army, but I couldn't find anything about this when I looked.)    (45)
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MS 4054  Biographical Sketch of Cynthia Jane Stowell, n.d.  Shortages.  Starts on frame 23.  Her husband was a prisoner.  Move to Pond Town.  Dreams of Stowell's return.  Visit with Gov. Cumming who gives her a $10 gift.   (47)
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MS 14417  Little, James Amasa 1822-1908, Biography of Rufus Rogers Stowell 1893.  Starts on frame 679 to frame 691.  Porter Rockwell with 700 federal oxen.  Dreamed he was a prisoner, escaped.  Captured.  Heard voice telling him to not discard orders.  Blacks Fork camp known as camp of death.  Johnston arrived 18 Oct 1857.  There were 16 prisoners guarded by 25 soldiers.  Bloodhounds.  He escaped with a military prisoner, Corporal Nicholson, bur returned to Federal camp exhausted.  Shackled.  Mrs. Wordsworth attempts to poison him with 2 pies and a bottle of liquor.  He was tried in February for treason.  Visit of Thomas Kane; interview of Stowell with Gov. Cumming.  Frame 695, freed, he accompanies Gov. Cumming to Salt Lake City.  A mob intended to kill Stowell.  Brother-in-law of Wm H. Parry.  In Echo a major remarks about the Mormon fortifications.  Salt Lake City abandoned, ready to be burned.  To Provo, he met with B. Young.  Preparing to go to Salt Lake to meet the Peace Commissioners.  One wife was at Pondtown, one at Payson.  Clothing was scarce.  Army marches to city 13 June 1858, arrived 26 June 1858.  Governor offers to do a proclamation.  Brigham Young says he'll tell the people he's going home.  Frame 698, review of Stowell's events in Utah War.  (50)

Elder Stowell was appointed Adjutent to Major Joseph Taylor's battalion of infantry.  On the 2nd of October, it was ordered to the front.  At once, it marched for the canyon and halted at Colonel J.C. Little's position where fortifications were being erected.  General Daniel W. Wells was still further to the front.  Soon after arriving, Captain Stowell says in his journal, "In the night I dreamed I was a prisoner of the United States troops and had escaped without any material injury.  Then I was traveling down Echo Canyon on horseback, accompanied by another man.

   "On awakening in the morning after my dream, an express arrived from General Wells ordering our battalion to advance up Echo Canyon to Cache Cave.  On arriving there, the battalion was met by General Wells and staff.  It was there set apart to march to Big Bend of Bear River.

   "As ordered, we marched rapidly to the bend of Bear River.  On arriving there, being very weary, I lay down to rest and fell asleep.  I again dreamed of arrival of rders from General Wells for removal of the entire command to another position.  Arousing from my slumber, I stepped out of the tent and saw an express approaching rapidly on horseback.  He carried orders from General Wells for all of the command except Taylor's battalion, to leave for Echo.  Major Taylor's battalion was ordered to Black's Fork, about two day's march from the front.  Although it was toward evening, Major Taylor's command started immediately for Black's Fork.  The second morning after, Major Taylor left for Fort Bridger, accompanied by Major J.D.F. McAllister.  The latter rode a poor horse and exchanged with me for a better one.  The command of the battalion now devolved on me.  The morning after Major Taylor's departure, I learned the United States troops were marching to Ham's Fork.

   "The following morning, deeming that the change in circumstances warranted it, I marched the battallion toward Fort Bridger.  After about two miles, we fell in with Colonel Porter Rockwell, also on the way to Fort Bridger with a herd of seven-hundred United States oxen.  He requested help to drive them.  The assistance was given, leaving men enough to drive the pack animals of he batallion.

   "After this, October 14th, Major Wells, Wells Chase, George Rose, and another man whose name I have forgotten, and I were sent to Fort bridger to follow up Ham's Fork, in the direction the troops were marching, to watch their <p.43> movements, and to report when expedient.  Other detachments of our men were also operating in the vicinity.  On the 15th, we followed so closely we came to camp fires that were still burning.

   "Oct 15th.  Not wishing to get too close to the troops, we were a little to the left and crossed a small valley about three miles wide.  There we discovered quite a heavy trail, left by cavalry.  I remarked it showed horses too numerous to belong to any of our scouting parties.  Major Taylor and I followed the trail and directed the other three men with pack animals to remain at some distance to the rear.  We soon discovered a body of cavalry in the distance, but the atmosphere was smoky and vision so indistinct that their character was uncertain.  We continued on and came to a point where the trail we were following went down a steep hill.  I halted, and Major Taylor rode down the hill and disappeared.  Shortly thereafter, three horsement appeared: one coming from each side and one directly in front.  The latter called on me to surrender.  We had orders not to shoot unless necessary to save our lives, but I must have unthinkingly drawn my rifle with my finger on the trigger.  The soldier approached rapidly, swaying his body to and fro to break my aim, and demanded my rifle.  I gave it to him.

   "About this time I saw the three men with the packs we had left behind.  The soldier demanded my pistol.  I was having difficulty trying to get it out of its holster on my belt.  He demanded, "Give me belt and all."  I replied I wanted to keep my belt to keep my pants up.  I still delayed with the revolver until I was certain the men with the packs had taken in the situation and fled.  But their packs fell into the hands of the soldiers.  Finally, I gave the soldier my belt and pistol.  I had been captured, but it was known to the men who had been with me.<p.44>....

   I was escorted down the hill to the Johnson's Army detachment which consisted of ninety cavalry.  They placed me in the front file and began a march for the main body.

   The most important papers in my possession were the orders from General Wells, dated October 4th.  They, with other papers, were in a small book that I used for my journal and which I carried in my shirt bosom.  I thought I ought to get rid of the orders, if possible, to keep them from falling into the hands of my captors.  I dropped some scraps of paper onto the ground to see if it would be noticed.  They pounced on them, picked them up, and examined them at once.

   The detachment made a halt and demanded all the papers in the Major's and my possession.  We handed them a few papers of no consequence, and they continued the march until after dark.  After dark, I took the book containing the orders out of my bosom, intending to drop it by the side of my horse.  Just as I was about to drop the book, a quiet and distinct voice said, "Keep the, they will do more good than harm."  This not only restrained me but surprised me as well.  It was difficult to overcome the idea that I should destroy the papers if possible.  I studied the situation for a few minutes and decided the manifestation was not a good one.

   Again, I was about to drop the papers when the voice came once more with more force and power, repeating the assertion that the papers would do more good than harm.  I restrained my impulse, and rode along pondering what the manifestation could mean.  Again, I decided it was all nonsense and determined to drop the papers suddenly, but the voice was too quick for me, and with still greater force, again repeated, "Keep them for they will do more good than harm."  By this time I was convinced that the voice was no  <p.45> delusion.  I decided to keep the papers, and I put them back into my bosom.

   When we arrived at the main camp, Major Taylor and I were put under separate guard.  Colonel Alexander of Johnson's Army, first examined Major Taylor.  The Major afterward told me he was questioned very closely as to his reasons for being in the mountains under arms and about the number of the Mormon forces.  When he was returned to his guard, they took me before the Colonel, and the followinbg conversation took place:

	"Where do you live?"
	"In Ogden, Utah."
	"What is your business out here?"
	"To repel a mob, Sir."
	"What are your reasons for supposing us to be a mob?"
	"I have known the Latter-day Saints to be harrassed by mobs from my first acquaintance with them, while to be consistent I maintain they are a peaceable and industrious people.  It has been reported to us that there is an army coming from the United States under the name of Government troops without any legal cause; hence we regard it as a vile mob."

   The Colonel appeared to be very indignant but continued:

	"Are there many Mormons in the mountains?"
	"Yes, the mountains are full of them."
	"Are you acquainted with Echo?"
	"Yes, Sir."
	"Are there many encamping in Echo?"
	"Yes, Sir, a great many, and more are coming every day."
	"What is the strength of the Mormon forces?"
	"Probably from twenty-five to thirty thousand."
	"Have you much artillery?"  <p.46>
	"Quite an amount, Sir, as I have seen pieces in the different settlements."

   He asked many more questions before they marched me off to the guard tent.  After this, Sergeant Newman examined me for papers.  This is the man who later tried to poison us.  He took my boots off and examined them, passed his hands over my pantaloon pockets, and over my legs.  I began to hope he would miss the papers in my shirt bosom, when he passed his hand over my bosom.  Excitedly he asked, "What is this?"  I took out the little book and gave it to him, asking him to return it to me as it was my daily journal.  He went to headquarters at once with the book.  They sent for me immediately.  On the way, I felt very downspirited, realizing that the enemy had got hold of he orders I so much dreaded having fall into their hands.  I did not know what to do.  In this emergency, the advice given  by the Savior to his apostles came to mind, "When ye are brought before rulers and magistrates, take no thought of what ye shall say for it shall be give you in that hour what ye shall speak."  this brought with it peace and assurance and produced a calm and pleasant state of mind.

   When I was brought into the Colonel's presence he asked, "Are you going to carry out the orders of General Wells?"  Before I could answer, he went on, "If so, you might as well commence to kill us."

   To this, I replied, if they would go back and mind their own business we would not interfere with them.  The Colonel questioned me further about going into Salt Lake Valley through Marsh Valley. I told him it would be impossible to get through as General C.W. West was in that locality with a strong force waiting for his arrival.  He then inquired particularly about Echo Canyon, and that vicinity.  I answered that it would be impossible to get through in any direction, as I was well acquinted with Echo and knew that my people were buildng strong fortifications, as I had assisted with the labor.

   I told him they had prepared great quantities of rocks on top of the mountains ready to roll off at an opportune time to smash the enemy to pieces.  He seemed so indignant as to manifest a spirit of revenge, or frustation, and seemed much astonished at my boldness.  I went on to say I knew they had the Major and me in their power and could kill us; but that would be only two and there would be plenty left.  At the close of this interesting interview, the sergeant marched me back to the guard tent.

   The morning following the interview, October 17th, a Captain Donovan came to the guard tent and asked me what I <p.47> thought of Mormonism.  I replied that I would rather die than to deny my religion.  He replied, "We do not care a damn about your religion.  We do not care about your religion if you will not fight the Government.  We shall go into Salt Lake City; Jesus Christ cannot keep us out!"

   The troops remained one day on the same ground after our examination.  They held a council of officers in which Colonel Alexander was decided in his views about going into Salt Lake City by way of Marsh Valley.  All of the other officers voted against it.  In face of this division of minds, the comnander considered it unwise on his part to proceed further in that direction.  On the 18th of October the troops turned around and retraced their steps down Ham's Fork to the old Emigration road.  they remained there until General Johnson, who was on his way from the East, arrived.  On his arrival, he immediately assumed command of the army of invasion.      <<there's a note added that what Stowell told the major probably kept the army from assaulting SLC immediately>>

   When marching down Ham's Fork, we traveled all the rest of the day without food following breakfast.  After we made camp, about a quart of soup made of dessicated vegetables was brought to each of us.  As it was brought into the tent, I felt something was wrong and said to Major Taylor, "That soup is poisoned."  But we were both very hungry and so I ate a little of mine.  The Major ate considerably more.  He was taken very sick.  I administered to him and he was relieved by vomiting and purging, but he looked as if he had been through a long siege of illness.  I dug a hole in the ashes and turned the soup into it and covered it up.  Not having eaten as much of he soup, I was taken sick later than the major and was operated on the same way.  With the blessings of God, we both recovered.

   The soup had been delivered to us by Sergeant Newman, who searched us for the papers.  Afterward, he started for the states on furlough and took sick at Green River.  He died a miserable death.

   General Johnson arrived in the camp on the 14th of November with a small reinforcement and the remainder of the supply trains.  The supply trains were strung out for about six miles.  The animals would worry along until completely <p.48> exhausted, then they would fall down in their tracks and die.  The long supply train had to be guarded to prevent surprise attacks and stampeding of the animals.  <another note>  The snow was deep and the weather was bitterly cold.  Many of the men suffered from frost bite and the cattle and mules died by the score.  The camp on Black's Fork, thirty miles from Fort Bridger, was named the Camp of Death.  On November 6th, 500 animals perished there from the cold.

   A day or two after the arrival of General Johnson, the expedition began its projected march for Fort Bridger.  They halted the first day about noon because there was an alarm that Mormon forces were in front.  The artillery was pushed forward, but the animals were so poor and weak, its movement was very slow.  After traveling eleven miles, the men encamped and waited for the baggage waggons to catch up.  It was in a very cold, blowing snow storm with three or four inches of snow on the ground.  For the prisoners, about sixteen in number, two fires were made of sage brush, some twenty feet apart.  The guard consisted of 25 men, with four on post at a time, surrounding the prisoners as they walked to and fro.  Major Taylor had intimaged to me during the day that he intended to leave that night.  Again, after reaching camp, he threw out the idea.  After camp was made, he complained bitterly of the cholic, that he was in too much pain to be easy.  With his boots in his hands--he had taken them off to be able to run faster--he walked back and forth from one fire to the other.  He did this so naturally all became quiet and paid him little attention.  I had also pulled my boots off, sat down on a pile of sage brush by the fire, and put my feet out to warm.

   I began to tell some story in which the guard began to show considerable interest.  At this time, a large herd of cattle passed near the guard camp.  On the side of the camp where the cattle were passing, two of them went in and turned their backs on each other and walked in opposite directions.  This left a considerable distance between them.  Major Taylor sprang into this opening without being seen as I continued my story.  Possibly fifteen minutes passed before the guard was relieved by a new one.  Two officers of the guard came around the fire, one to turn the prisoners over to the other, which was customary.  The officer of the guard looked over at me and said, "There is Stowell the Mormon prisoner and Major Tay--."  He stopped abruptly.  No one had anything to say about his disappearance.  After exhibiting a decent surprise with the rest, I settled down by the camp fire to take what little comfort was possible.  <p.49>

   The Major got a good start, and blowing snow filled his tracks as soon as he made them.  In a short tme, a detachment of cavalry, accompanied by bloodhounds, was in pursuit.  I had been suffering from rheumatics in my legs and had performed the day's march with great difficulty.  I needed food and complained to the guard that I was very hungry.  He directed one fo the guards to take me to a tent he designated to see if they could furnish me with some supper.  The guard, who was to escort me, brought his musket to his shoulder and remarked very positively I would not get away from him.  Arriving at the designated tent, he put his head inside the tent and talked to someone for a considerable time.  He did not seem to notice that he was giving me a good chance to escape into the darkness.  But he got me no food and we returned to the guard fie.  It is possible, the soldiers did not care to prevent our escape, or might try to shoot us if we made the attempt.

   During the evening, two large tents arrived at the guard camp, but none of our bedding.  And so, they spread one of the tents out on the snow, ordered us to lie down on it with our feet toward the center, spread the other tent over us tightly, and staked it down around the edges.  I was very uncomfortable, but decided I would not be the first to complain.  After a bit, some of the prisoners said they could not stand it, that they had to have fresh air, and asked to have the covering loosened.  The guard refused.  Soon after, the men on the opposite side by united effort loosened the cover and were followed by others.  This afforded fresh air until the guard found the loosened stakes and fastened them down again.

   The army moved so slowly, it took them fifteen days to travel to Fort Bridger, a distance of thirty-five miles.  They arrived at Winter Quarters, Camp Scott, two miles from Fort Bridger on the 16th of November.  They seemed to have no heart to move further at this time.

   Picture these conditions:  In the army camps, rations were short and many articles, considered daily necessities, were altogether unobtainable.  Whiskey sold at 12 dollars a gallon, tobacco three dollars a pount, and sugar and coffee at about the same rate.  Flour was, for a time, a luxury sold at a very high rate.  And the possession of a good supply with no other protection than a tent was as dangerous to the owner, as a well-filled purse is to a pedestrian in a first-class city after sunset. <note>  The cattle too, were miserably poor, but their hides furnished moccasins for the soldiers.  Every day, bands of 15 or 20 men might be seen hitched to wagons, trailing five or six miles to get <p.50> fuel for the camp.  <skipped another note>

   Soon after the arrival of the army at Fort Bridger, another prisoner, John Howard, and I were handcuffed together by our left arms.  This man claimed he had been baptized by Almond Babbitt in the states, come to the mountains, taken an Indian wife, and become a mountaineer.  He had been engaged in selling beef that he got from mountain ranches to the army.  He was suspected of being a Mormon spy and had been taken prisoner at Rocky Ridge.  A file of men had been sent to arrest him.  He knocked them down, as they approached, one after the other.  Finally, they rushed him as a group, knocked him down, and handcuffed him.  Soon afgter we were handcuffed together, we were further secured by shackles on our left leg.  When on our feet, this compelled one to stand with his back to the other, and when lying down, side by side, the arm of one was stretched across his body.  This was a very uncomfortable condition.

   Sometime after we were thus handcuffed, I dreamed I was standing by the home of Isaac Allred in Fay's Ward north of Salt Lake City, and that I unlocked the handcuffs and hung them on a corner of the house.  At this stage of my dream, an officer of the day came into the guard tent, which awoke me.  He unlocked the handcuffs, took them off, and hung them on the tent pole.  This afforded us much needed relief.

   On the 6th of November, Governor Brigham Young wrote to the commander of the United States forces at Fort Bridger concerning certain prisoners in his camp, as follows:  "Of the persons reported to be retained by you as prisoners, the two said to have hailed from Oregon are entire strangers to us; Mr. Crow, on his way here from the States, is probably being treated by you in a reasonably humane manner, for which you have our thanks as it saves us the expense of his <p.51> board; and if you imagine that keeping, mistreating, or killing Mr. Stowell will rebound to your credit or advantage, future experience may add to the stock of your better judgement." ....<<several paragraphs written by Little>>

   In February, the United States judges, residing in the military camp, organized a United States District Court for Green County, in which Mr. John Howard, Captain Stowell, and many others were to be tried for treason.  Elder Stowell says, "Mr. Howard engaged a lawyer to defend us.  He said if I would join him, he would pay the fee for both of us--one hundred dollars each.  He paid in Government Bonds.  When I was arraigned for trial the clerk read an indictment in which I and seventy others were charged with treason against the United States Government.  Also others to the number of one thousand or more whose names were unknown to the court were so charged.  After the indictment was read, as usual, I was asked "Guilty or not Guilty?"

   "Not Guilty," I replied.

   The court then asked, "Are the parties ready for trial?"

   "Not ready."  We demanded time and opportunity for procuring the proper witnesses and petitioned them for an adjournment of the case to the next term of the court.  This was granted.  John Howard had his trial at the term court, was acquitted, and was escorted out of camp.  He was a powerful, brave man.  He was a fearless talker and so often offended the officers that they deemed his presence in the camp unpleasant and took this summary way to get rid of him.  He was very profane which made him unpleasant for a close companion; but he was very kind and obliging under the discomforts we usually suffered.  <p.52>

  After he left, shackles were put on both of Elder Stowell's legs.  There was a corporal Nicholson, a military prisoner.  He and Captain Stowell planned an escape together.  The corporal bribed a guard and arranged with him that at about one o'clock in the afternoon, he would take charge of them as if going to the rear.  Previously, Stowell had made a big wooden key and unlocked his shackles.  Another prisoner wore shackles like his own.  The prisoner made an iron key and gave it to Stowell.  The gaurd who was to let them out was to let them go and return without them.  Nicholson was quite an expert at sight-of-hand.  Fearing the guard might fail to fulfill his contract, he carried along a pile of hard soap.  When going out, he stumbled against the guard, who, as was customary, carried his gun half cocked.  Nicholson quickly capped the percussion tube with soap without the soldier discovering it.  He, of course, completed his act with profuse apologies.  Stowell wore a blanket coat with the usual large pockets on the outside.  He made pockets on the inside and filled them with food, a pair of socks, and a pair of gloves.  He also had a butcher knife in his bosom, and a sling shot in his sleeve.  Corporal Nicholson carried 850 dollars in gold on his person, so that both were too well loaded for a race.

   On arriving on the ground where the guard was to part with them, Captain Stowell threw his shackles in the snow.  But as they had suspicioned, the guard refused to let them go.  He wanted money; when he received twenty dollars, he told them to go.  He got his gun out with some delay as the escaped prisoners emerged from the willows that surrounded the camp.  He was afterward tried by court martial, but the firing of his gun saved him from punishment.  At the discharge of the gun, dogs barked, trumpets sounded, and there was general excitement in the camp.

   The excaped prisoners passed a settler's train where two sentinels were posted.  They rushed after Stowell and his companion with guns.  Stowell had been in confinement and irons for so long he could not at once handle himself to advantage.  It seemed necessary to eliminate the burden he was carrying.  He jerked off the coat, loaded with provisions, and the slingshot.  Thus, at the very start, went the food meant to sustain him in making the desperate effort.  It was a case of run for life.  They succeded in getting away from their pursuers.  The weather was clear and cold; the snow was very deep in the mountains and about two and one-half feet deep around the camp where it was not blown by the fierce winds.  They passed the tent of the picket guard so closely they heard men playing cards within.  They also passed the patrol without attracting attention.  After passing the patrol, they went between the camp of the dragoons and volunteers; the latter were teamsters who were <p.53> compelled to accept military service in order to obtain rations for their subsistence through the winter.

   About twelve miles south of Fort Bridger, the Mormons had made a settlement and named it Fort Supply.  Captain Stowell and his companion first recognized their whereaboutsw when they came near the deserted settlement.  From there, they took into the mountain, aiming to go over into Provo Valley; but the snow was so deep it became impossible.  they halted about midnight in a grove of timber.  Stowell pulled off his boots and socks and waded in the snow to take the frost out of his feet, while his companion started a fire.  After warming themselves, they started on until daylight, and encamped in a thick grove for the day.  There they made basket snowshoes out of brush, but could not use them.  The snow was so light they would sink in and the snow shoes would load up.  Discouraged about reaching Provo, they turned to the right with the hope of striking the emigration road toward Bear River.  Their strength was failing because of lack of food and the cold and there seemed to be no way of overcoming either obstacle; they decided they had to return to camp or perish.  With their final strength, and with their hands, face, and feet frozen, they reached camp, completely exhausted. <p.54>
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MS 5848  Winsor, Anson Perry.  Diary 1857 Apr-1858 July.  Journey to Ft. Leavenworth and military actions.  Met William Hickman at Platte crossing.  YX Mule.  Hard to read.  (80)
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MS 2453  Staines, William Carter, Diary 1857-Sep-1859 Feb.  Joseph Woodmancy was with Lot Smith.  Deserters, reports of troop movements.  Thomas J. Hickman arrives in camp, Bill Hickman and Richard Yates.  Warren Drake incident.  (83)
Frame 13
Thursday Oct 15 1857
Cold frosty morning.  At 4 A.M. Jefferson Hickman who has been detained in U.S.I Camp 3 day as Prisoner arived with Letters to Govr Young stating he is determined to carry out the orders of the Prest of U. States, if so be as by Force of Arms he his [sic] satisfied he has Force large enough to go where he pleases
   The Day was spent in preparing Despatches for the U.S. Troops & to Govr Young at 7 pm Joseph Young left for City with Letters
...
Sunday Oct 18 1857
Fine morning 2 inches on the ground clouded up and snowed at 10 AM  W. Hickman with Yates a Prisoner and a man who has been selling the Troops his Powder Lead Blankets &c&c things he Bought for Indian Trade had refused to sell them to us at 2 pm passed on to the City.  Heber Kimball left with his company for Salt Lake.  The night is cold and stormy
Frame 31 Tues Dec 1 1857 Unanimous vote that Warren Drake should be shot.
Frame 36 Lorenzo Snow sent on White Mtn Expedition
Frame 43 Description of Gov. Cumming
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MS 2270  Becker, Charles, History of the Expedition Against the Mormons in 1857.  Frame 104+  Experiences at Fort Bridger and as a POW in Salt Lake City.  Fort Bridger was fortified, march through Salt Lake City.  (99)
Frame 104: THE SECOND PART OF THE HISTORY OF THE EXPEDITION AGAINST THE MORMONS IN THE YEAR 1857.
   This expedition was under the command of Col. Sidney Johnson, who, when the war broke out between the North and the South resigned from the United States Army and enlisted in the Cause of the South.  He himself was a native son of the South.  The Colonel was a splendid type of the old time southern chivalry.  Of magnificent physique, over six feet tall, straight as an arrow, with fine noble features.  He was highly esteemed and beloved by all under his command.  Had there been a battle with the Mormons he would have gotten all the fight out of his men that was in them.  He fell at the memorable battle of Shiloh, like the brave soldier as he was, at the head of his Command, mourned by all who had known him, friends and foes alike.
   After we had turned back from our attempt to reach Fort Hall on Bear River, it was found that we were badly handicapped.  Many of our draft animals having become so weakened from want of sufficient food, had to be turned out along our route and left behind.  Those that we took with us were exceedingly weak.  Even Colonel Cook's dragoon horses, splendid, fine animals, had become mere skeletons, entirely unfit for further service.  
   Our supply trains could be moved but one or two at a time, by picking out the best conditioned animals.  This necessarily consumed much time before the command was able to settle down into winter quarters.  The draft animals with us, already too poor to be fit for use, were herded out on grass closely guarded.
   At this time an incident happened which took me to Salt Lake City ahead of our expedition, rather against my will.  It was my turn to be on the afternoon guard, on the outside limits of the herd, about two miles from the main camp.  We were waiting our turn to be moved to winter quarters at Fort Bridger.  Along toward evening I noticed a party, conisiting of at least a dozen men, dismounted, hiding behind some sand rock cliffs.  They seemed to be watching our camp, but thinking it was some of our own scouts I paid no more attention to them.  I had no suspicion that it might be a Mormon raiding party so close to our camp.  At sundown the party mounted their horses divided, part of them coming toward me at a run, and the other part going directly for the cattle.  I later found out that they had actually cut out a bunch of them and drove them to Salt Lake Valley.  I was on foot, with no possible chance to get away.  I scrambled up a nearby hill, and concealed myself among some big boulders, hoping to stand them off until a relief party might come in sight.  As the party of men came close to me they dismounted and crept nearer, under cover of outlying boulders, calling to me to come out.  They told me they were a Mormon raiding party, and that they intended to drive off a bunch of our cattle, that I must go with them, that there might be no alarm spread.  I refused to come out.  They kept calling to me that they did not wish to hurt me, that they would take me to headquarters where I would be well treated.  It was very encouraging to me, during all this parley, that they dodged behind their rocks as quickly as I did, whenever I pointed my gun at them.  It showed me they were as badly scared as I was.  Darkness was coming on, with no help yet in sight.  I had no bedding, and the night promised to be extremely cold.  I concluded to surrender on as favorable terms as I could get.  The Captain of the enemy party, whom I learned later was Captain Warren Snow, of San Pete, stepped out and pledged himself to protect me, a pledge which was faithfully kept, and then some.  He promised that I would be turned over to the headquarters of the Mormon Legion, as they call their Army.  It was under command of General Wells, father of ex-governor Wells, whose acquaintance I made thru my lamented friend Fred Kiesel, as I soon found out was located on Bear River.
   As I stepped out they all came up and shook hands with me, as though I had been a long lost brother just found.  Seeing that I was barefooted inside of my shoes a young Mormon reached back under his buckskin coat and handed me a pair of heavy home-knitted new woolen socks.  I refused at first, but he insisted, saying that I would have a long night's ride, and that my feet would freeze without socks.  I thanked him and put them on, thinking that there was surely one good Mormon.  Then they gave me a little vicious looking mule.  He knew that I was not used to riding horse back on a mule, and promptly threw me over his head, presuming, perhaps, that it was an indignity heaped upon him, to compel an honest Mormon mule to be ridden by a Godless Gentile.  <Frames 106, 107>
   However, with the consent of the mule, I finally started with the Mormons as an escort.  Of course they relieved me of my rifle and revolver, telling me that I should be paid for them before they sent me back.
   We rode until about midnight before we reached their camp, which consisted of a covered wagon, drawn by four mules.  It was a bitter cold night.  We were given something to eat by the two Mormons who were in charge of the wagon.  Then they put me in the wagon and we started out again.  Had it not been for those warm, woolen socks, and a live sheep the Mormons carried along in their wagon, which I drew down over me, I would have suffered severely.  The snow was getting quite heavy and our team could make but slow progress.  We kept plodding along until along in the forenoon we stopped to cook breakfast and feed our tired mules.  We traveled that afternoon, and toward evening got into headquarters camp, in the sheltered valley on Bear River of the Nauvoo legion, under the command of General in Chief H. Wells.  General Wells got up and shook hands with me, spoke to me in a most kindly way, assuring me that I was perfectly safe.  His own cook was then ordered to prepare me something to eat.
   After supper, while sitting around a big log fire, they asked many questions concerning Johnson's Army.  I would not answer all their questions.  James Ferguson, Adjutant General of Wells' Staff, a hot headed, impulsive Irishman, spoke up very abruptly and said, "Answer our questions more directly, or we'll find a way of forcing you to do so".  General Wells quickly answered, "Tut, tut, none of that Mr. Ferguson".  Then General Wells told me to answer the questions I thought best, and that no harm should come to me.  In the course of a few days General Wells got information through his own scouts that Johnson's Army had settled down in their winter quarters, and would make no more attempts to reach Salt Lake City.  He moved his camp then over into Echo Canyon where the Mormons had built their main defenses, consisting of great stone walls, built across narrow places in the canyon.  There, on top of the high walls, they had piled up immense boulders to be rolled down upon our poor soldiers if they marched down through these narrow canyons.  <Frame 108>
   After several days at this new camp, a number of teams came in from Salt Lake City, loaded with supplies for Wells' camp.  A man named Charles Decker was with one of those parties.  He took a friendly interest in me, and told me that if I would promise him not to attempt an escape, that he would try to get permission from General Wells to take me home to his family.  There I could do the chores and make myself useful around his place while he was away from home.  I readily promised, escape being impossible anyway, and Wells gave permission.  I was to be delivered later at headquarters in Salt Lake City.  He told me confidentially, later, that I would be better and safer living with his family, about six miles from Salt Lake City.
   On arrival at Mr. Decker's farm I found a very nice little place, well equipped with comfortable buildings, I learned that Mr. Decker was a son-in-law of Brigham Young, having married his oldest daughter, Lena, a most beautiful and highly intelligent woman.  They had three beautiful children, who were as good as they were beautiful.  I found there another younger woman, also a wife of Mr. Decker.  Polygamy was in common practice at that time.  These two women seemed to be getting along splendidly, like an older and a younger sister.  They both treated me with consideration while I remained with them, and I tried to make myself as useful to them as I could.  There was also a young lady at the place, doing the housework, a most estimable young woman, who came from England as a Mormon convert.  She told me many things about the inner and private life of the Mormons.  She had been married to a young Mormon, but when he brought his second wife through the front door she went out the back door.
   There ended that romance.  But there is a little town along the Union Pacific Railroad called Marian, named for her.  Her maiden name had been Marian Manning.
   I had been living with this most lovable Mormon family about six weeks when one evening Mr. Decker came home from Salt Lake City and said that he had some bad news for us, that he had received orders from Wells to bring me in, that I was to be sent with some other prisoners back to Fort Bridger.
   While staying at the place I met Brigham Young several times, as he came to visit Lenaq.  We all ate dinner together as a family, and he asking many questions <frame 109> concerning Johnson's Army.  I formed rather a favorable opinion of him.  I was sorry to leave those good people, and they assured me they were sorry to have me go.
   When we reached Salt Lake, I was guarded in a wooden building on Main Street, called Steptoe's Barracks, with two other prisoners who were being sent back.  We were furnished with an old cook stove and plenty of provisions, such as vegetables, beef and flour, the best to be had in those days.  They put a guard over us with an old musket, a good natured Dane.  One night while the Mormons were having a great gathering, we were rather lonesome and sought to have a little amusement of our own.  We started a game of blind man's bluff.  We got our guard to deposit his gun behind the door and play with us, and we managed to keep the good Danish man blindfolded most of the time, while he fell over benches and stools we put into his way.  This made a great racket, which could be heard on Main Street below, and soon we heard someone rushing up the stairs.  It was Bill Hickman, Provost-Marshal of Salt Lake City.  He found our guard standing in the middle of the room, blindfolded, and at once ordered him under arrest and took him away.  Then he brought a monstrous big Swede, a very surely fellow, who wouldn't make up with us.  We made up our minds to give that big Swede a hard time of it.  He was told whenever we wanted to take a walk thru the City we could do so, but he must escort us.  We would promenade up and down Main Street, turn about one at a time and as there were three of us we kept the poor Swede a moving pretty steadily.  Everybody we met took a look at us, but in a most friendly manner.  No incivilty was ever offered us while on the street.  We were even allowed to attend services at the Tabernacle, which was then in the course of building, which we did.  However, in a few days we were moved to a small log cabin opposite to what was then called the Lionhouse to prepare to be returned back to Fort Bridger.
   The morning we started General Wells came over and talked to us in a very friendly manner and gave me a package of papers to deliver to Col. Sidney Johnson.  We were then mounted on little Mexican mules, with several pack animals to carry our camping outfit.  We camped at several Mormon outposts on our route up thru Echo Canyon where they had their principal fortifications.  They travelled after dark and for a short distance we <frame 110> were blindfolded.  When we came to Bear River, which is about 33 miles west from Fort Bridger, we camped over night.  Next morning our Mormon escort gave us about one day's ration of grub and a cotton quilt, all they could spare us, and told us that now we had to proceed alone, as they did not dare to go any further for fear of being picked up by some of our scouting parties.  They gave us a land mark to travel by so we wouldn't get lost.  A mountain with a big spot of black timber on the North side of it which we should keep to our right as we travelled parallel to the Range of Mountains it was a part of until we should drop into the head of Blacks fork, above Fort Bridger, where we would find stock trails leading to the Fort.
   As it was along in the month of February the nights in those high mountains were extremely cold, but the country we had to travel thru was covered plenty full with Juniper timber reaching clear to the ground, which was covered with a foot or more deep with leaves and Juniper burrs, the accumulation of Centuries perhaps.  We would scrape off a place big enough for us to sleep on then we would gather wood which lay thick on the ground all around us and build a big fire and heat up the ground so as to give us a warm place to lie down to sleep and keep up a fire at our feet so we would not suffer from the severe cold during the night before we lay down.  We would scrape off the coals and hot ashes and one of us would sit up and turn about for a certain time of the night to keep the fire a burning at our feet.  We were out four days from Bear River before we reached Fort Bridger.  We re-inforced our scant one day's ration by cutting meat out of some dead oxen and mules which fell along the road several months before and as it was throughly frozen it kept perfectly fresh and did not eat badly.  Our big dog sack we brought along done splendidly on meat.  One evening we got off of our road, as the snow was drifting badly, and found ourselves lost in a deep little valley but two Mormons who came along behind us saw where our tracks had left the road and reported it at the fort, but next morning we took our back tracks and soon got onto the road again.  When we got within about six miles of Fort Bridger we met two men with a pack mule carrying some grub and blankets.  One Jack Ferguson and the other by name of Ely, two mountaineers belonging to Johnson's Command, who were <frame 111> sent out to hunt us up.  On our arrival at the Fort I proceeded at once to Col. Johnson's tent and delivered my package of papers.  He treated me very kindly and ordered the commissary Sargeant to give me what clothing I needed.  Also medicine for my frosted feet, and anything else I was in need of, all which orders the good Sergeant he generously fulfilled.
   Of course Col. Johnson asked me many questions regarding how the Mormons treated us while they kept us prisoners and what preparations they had made to oppose his army.  Of course, all of which I gladly answered to the best of my ability.
   The Colonel asked me many questions regarding my experiences, the treatment we received, and the arrangements they had made to oppose his Army.  He also expressed his satisfaction that we had been so kindly treated.
   Sidney Johnson surely was a good man, and I hope when he crossed the Great Divide he found a place where there is no more War, but nothing but music and song.  I will now close this part of my History of that memorable expedition, hoping to meet you all enjoying health and prosperity at the next meeting of the Pioneers of Malheur County [Oregon].  I will then give the rest of my History of the so-called Mormon War to this Association.
   I remain respectfully your friend and fellow-citizen,
Charles Becker.
Frame 96:  ....As we marched through the city there was not a single person to be seen, only here and there a Mormon watchman, peeping around the corner.  We were told the Mormons had all been moved up north, as they had been told frightful stories as to what the soldiers would do when they reached the City.  Instead the command marched through without a single soldier leaving the ranks.  Patrols of soldiers marched on each side of the streets we had to pass through, with orders not to allow any member of the Expediton to leave the street or enter a dwelling.  After passing through the city the command went into camp several miles south of the City.
Frame 101  [so many trains were burned that] the soldiers were put on rations of six ounces of flour per day and 3/4 of a pound of bacon per week. . . .
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MS 8595 Reel 11 Item 3.  Includes typescript.  With Lot Smith Company in Utah War, also Morrisite War.  Army brought bloodhounds and had to eat them (p.18).  He was sent home while 8 were left to watch the troops.  Brigham Young spoke to them from his veranda.  (105)
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MS 14773  Bleak, James Godson, Journal 1854 Feb-1860 Feb.  In Echo Canyon.  1 deserter, 900 cattle, 80 wagons taken.  Grass burned.  Marched to Idaho.  6 prisoners (frame 70).  Echo Canyon wickiup, batteries.  (110)
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MS 16466 Henry Lunt Journal 1854 Sept-1859 Oct.  Frame 569 200 troops, mules & wagons arrived by steamboat heading to Ft. Leavenworth and SLC 15 June 1857.  
Frame 572
Sept 8 [1857]  We traveled 25 miles.  While nooning near the last crossing of the Sweetwater we met Bro. Bennet and Holly (who) came up as they were taking an express to Salt Lake on horseback.  They told us that they had been back as far as Fort Laramie as spies to see how far the Govt Troops were on the way.  They pretended they were gold diggers returning from California to the States and that (they) met several hundred of the troops and went into their camp and conversed freely with several of the officers and they were going to Salt Lake and would hang Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball and others that they had got writs for and they swore and cursed and boasted of what great things they should do when they got there, but they will find their boasting in vain long before they get there. . .
Sept 26:  I went to report myself to Prest B. Young.  He bid me welcome home.  I had a very agreeable interview of about two hours with him, he said, "Well Bro. Henry, go and rest yourself and get ready to go again."  Notwithstanding the bold step he had taken in repelling the United States Army from entering Salt Lake Valley which was sent by James Buchanan with malicious intentions toward the Latter-day Saints based upon false reports by Judge Drummond, I never before saw him look so cheerful and happy, his countenance look'd Heavenly and lit up by the spirit of God, whose church he is presiding over upon the earth and may he live to see his enemies wasted away like the dew before the morning sun.
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MS 4602  Stowell, William Rufus Rogers, Journal (1857).  Served under General West.  Had a dream.  Ex-Mormons attempted to poison him.  16 October 1857 he was questioned by Col. Alexander.  (124)

MS 4602: William Rufus Rogers Stowell.
First Page
Journal of
William Rufus Rogers Stowell.  Born Sept. 23rd A.D. 1822. I the above named resided in the State of New York until I was about 21 years of age.  Baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day saints between the ages of 11 & 12.  In the fall of 1843 I went to Nauvoo & the following spring of A.D. 1844 I went on a Six months Mifsion to my Native State returning with my mother & family.
   I was one of the Pioneers that left Nauvoo for Council Bluffs, remained at Garden Grove by the Co velling home through the KanI was trauncil of the Authorities of the Church.  Staying there about one year and at Kanesville 3 years.  
   I crossed the plains and arrived in the Valleys of the mountains in the Fall of A.D. 1850.
   In 1853 was sent to Fillmore City to protect the place from Indian depredations.  In A.D. 1855 with the permifsion of Prest Young I removed with my family and settled in Weber County.  In the Year of ber
   On the event of joining Col. Burton's camp I lay down for rest.  Fell asleep during which I dreamed of receiving orders from Genl Wells for the removal of the entire command which was verified in a few minutes by recieving orders from the Genl abovenamed for the command to move to Echo, with the exception of Major Taylor's command which were ordered for Black's Fork.  After Major Taylor's leaving for Fort Bridger I received orders to forthwith repair for the same place.   After making an advance of two miles we were overtaken by Col. Rockwell who requested asisstance in driving a large herd of cattle, cut a sufficient number of men there being some left to drive our Pack animals to Bridger.
Examination before Colonel Alexander.
   Col. seemed indignant.  He then asked if there were many Mormons in the Mountains.  Ans. Yes Sir.  The mountains are full of them.  Are you acquainted with Echo.  Yes Sir.  Are there many camping in Echo.  Yes Sir.  A great many and more coming every day.
3rd Page.  What is the strength of the Mormon Troops?  Probably from 25 to 30,000 thousand.  Have you much Artillery.  Quite an amount of it Sir I have seen pieces in the different Settlements.  Many more questions were put me in a very austere manner after which I was marched off to the Guard House.
   After this, I was examined by Sargt Newman the one who afterwards attempted to poison us, and who Died a miserable Death on Green River while on his way back to to the States, he it was who found in my bosom our orders for Gen Wells which we had tried to conceal or destroy but all attempts failed.  In a conversation with Col. Alex. I was asked if we were going to fulfill the orders we had received if so we might commence to kill them.  Stock to which I answered that if they would go back and mind their own buisnefs, we should not interfere with them.  Capn Donovan came unto me on the 17th of Octr 1857 and asked me what I thought of Mormonism to which I replied that I would rather die than deny my religion.  He then said damn your religion, we don't care about it if you will not fight the Government.  We shall go to Salt Lake City.  Jesus Christ can't keep us back.  I had been very bad with the Rheumatism aout one week when Bro Taylor left on the eent of his escape which by the by nobody Seemed to be conscious of for the space of 15 minutes when the Officer of the Guard came and on examination found Major Taylor among the missing, which created great excitement throughout the camp.  A force was immediately rallied and sent in pursuit of him which afterwards returned & reported that they had found him and killed him.
4th Page
   I told them it was a falsehood & that they had not found him.  After his escape they brought handcuffs to me but did not put them on.  The reason was they were too small.  I asked the Officer if he thought I was fool enough to run away and freeze in the mountains.  He said he just wouldn't put them on.  __einan Grove then returning missionary from Europe was taken Prisnor at Green River a few days before Major Taylor got away.  Grove had an interview with Col. Johnston who Said that they had nothing against him and undoubtedly would soon be released.
   Afer some conversation he told the Col he thought he cound give the him some information that would be of service to him understanding that he was purposing to go through to Salt Lake City with Pack animals which he (Grove) concieved would be very unadvisable as he had been reliably informed, the Mormons had some 3,000 thousand men well armed & equipped in Echo and that in case they should make the attempt they would certainly be cut to pieces.  This conversation caused the Col to abandon the idea of going in that Winter.  Before we got to Bridger their animals Died like rotten Sheep.  On our arrivall there I was placed in Irons & handcuffed to another man.  Shortly after I was shackled by the legs to another person then took the handcuffs unpleasant circumstances untill the Court was organised, whenI was arraigned for trial. The Clerk in reading the indictment over against me and 7 others in which all were charged with the crime of Treason agains the United States
5th Page
   Government also a multitude of others whom they did not know to the amount of 1000 thousand or more.  After the indictment being read, I was asked Guilty or not Guilty.  Answer not guilty.  Is the parties ready for trial.  Defendant ansd not ready.  Demanded time and opportunity to procure necessary witnefses appealing for an adjournment till the next time of Court which the Judge granted.  Passing along untill the month of Febry when in compliance with  previous arrangements I with Corporal Nicholson who was a Prisnor passed the Guard and was Shot at then passed to Pickots and 2 Guards, Guarding the Settlers train, ^also the Dragoons & volunteers, travelling on we past Fort Supply.  We then took in to the Mountains amining to go over the Mountains into Provo Kanyon but on account of the Deep Snow and want of provisions found it impossible to reach the Summit, we then turned to the right to get into the Emigration Road near Bear River, but finding our strength fast failing, owing to the severity of the weather, and no possible means of obtaining food, we were obliged to return to the Soldiers Quarters or perish in the mountains.
   We therefore Resolved to take the best course to save life, which we did through much endurance, froze our feet, hands and face, while our Strength was almost exhausted.  After our return I was again examined by Col. Alexr and placed in charge of the Guard with Ball & Chain.  Shortly after I was visited by Judge Eckles who said he would have froze to Death in the mountains rather than to have come back upon which I told him that I was not ready to die yet.  About this time I received a present from Mrs Wadsworth ^who had been living in Payson apostatized and gone to the Soldiers which was a pie.  I immediately suspicioned some trick was about being played on me, in about a week, 
6th Page
Col. Alexr, Judge Eckles & Wadsworth ^husband to the aforesaid Mrs Wadsworth^ came to the Guard house and calling me out asked me how I got along and presented me another Pie.  Judge Eckles stating that the weather was extremely cold, he asked me if I had any Liquors to drink.  I answered no.  Suspicion again arose in my mind they intended to poison me Yet and I said that I thought a little ^taken^ would not hurt   Judge then said I have permitted Mr Wadsworth to bring you a small bottle of Liquor.  Same time Wadsworth drew the bottle out of his bosom and handed it to me saying Mr Stowell there is some Chloroform in it
   I took the bottle into the tent and placing it on the ground drew the cork out & allowed its contents to empty on the ground.  Still a small portion remained in said bottle the which was discovered by one of the Soldiers and drank whereupon he was immediately taken sick and conveyed to the Hospitall for medicine, another Prisnor remarked they have tried to Poison Stowell & you have got the dose.  I had tasted of the Pie,which made me sick, therefore I disposed of the balance.  When Preceved the bottle of Liquor, & was charged by Judge Eckles to not let any of the other Soldiers prisnors taste it and not be found drunk with it myself.
   They continued to keep me very short of provisions untill I saw Govr Cummings ^and^ came when  I got had the privilege of seeing and talking with him and was by him informed that I should not be tried by any Jury of that camp  Some in the camp wanted to have it all their own way.
7th Page
   He assured me that I should have an Impartial trial.
   Escort came.  Then the Proclamation was issued pardoning the Mormons for all they had done aftew which I was released and came in with the Peace Commisioners & Govr not feeling safe to start alone on account of the mobocrats which were afloat.  We travelled on till we got near the Head of Echo Kanyon then camped all night   When I was requested to ride on Horse.  After the Camp had started & passing down the Kanyon Major McCullough one of the Commissioners left his carriage & changed with the horsemen, and we together passed over the same spot of ground I had previously dreamed about, viewing the Camp Grounds, Fortifications &.&. of the Mormons.  Passing along in a few hours I arrived Safe at hme, finding my familyhad removed to Utah County.
Willm R.R. Stowell
   Upon my arriving at the Peace Commissioners Camp I was introduced to them as the Mormon Prisnor, Whereupon Govr Powell told me that he had brought my release in his vest pocket from Washington D.C. for which I thanked him.  He added You need not thank me, but the President Buchanan.  I continued on your return Give my compliments to the Prest telling him I am much Obliged.  In a very sarcastic air Gov Powell asked me how many wives I had.  To which I answered I had about half-a-dozen and expected some more when I got  had one good wife when I left but then _____ _____ ______ _______.
   While camping in Weber Kanyon McCullough wished to hear the nature of the Mormon religion or what it consisted off.
[last page]
My answer was, That I entertained my own opinion or ideas of religion, and allowed all men the Same privelege
My policy is let a man be frank, generous, upright, and just in all his dealings and transactions through life so far as his knowledge extends, of everything that is amiable and good, which will make a man a good neighbor a good citizen and a benefit to communities.  Major said Damned good religion.  He asked if gthe Mormons were a working people.  I told him I presumed there wee not a people on this continent or in any part of the world labouring under the same disadvantages that had made the same improvements as the people of thes valleys.

Sideways on same page:  16 Oct 1857  Wm R.R. stowel, journal & & before Col. Alexander

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MS 5744 John Broom, Letter, 1890 Mar., Ogden Utah to Dear brother.  Very detailed description of emigration, blazed new route to Utah north of Platte.  Also describes burning of wagons and grass and capture of livestock.  (137)
p. 8, (following a good summary of Utah War)  I was with the Mormon forces in Echo Canon when the United States army passed through it and saw them to be a badly worn out lot of soldiers.
   This canon is about fifty miles east of Ogden and the Union Pacific Railway now finds a peaceful passageway through it, where that tired army marched a few years before, and the comfortable passenger can look up as he rides along to the high tops of the mountains and still see the rocks that were piled up by the Mormons to be hurled down upon that army.  This canon was called "Echo" on account of its echoing every sound that is made in it.  You can scarcely speak in it without hearing the sound echoed over and over again from the sides of this narrow defile.  This canon is about five miles long and it might be said that it was nature that gave the Mormons advantages enough to overcome an army so immensely superior [p.9] in numbers and equipment.  Had we met this army in open plain anywhere in battle, they would have used us up in no time, so the mountains were our bulwark and defense.
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MS 7861, Temple, W.O., Letter, 1901 May 24, Cripple Creek, CO to Historian's Office.  Names found carved on tree in Wyoming  (138):
"In God We Trust
	The Mormon Boys
		CLT Callister.
		A Ivins.
		I Ivins.
		C. Taylor.
		S. Hallit.
			November 17th, 1857."
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MS 7014, Wood, Hugh, Letters, 1857-1858.  May 13 1857 New Orleans, Nov 26 1857 Ft. Bridger, May 18 1858 Camp Scott.  Mustered in Dec 3 1857 at Camp Scott for 9 months, discharged July 1858.  (147)
May 18 1858 Camp Scott
The Governor returned from Salt Lake on the 16th they say he has settled everything with the Mormons but we dont know how or what it is.  In the meantime they try to satisfy the men with reading general orders such as they are to receive double rations of coffee or sugar, but it is not likely before they get it to give which will be sometime
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MS 17211, Wells, Daniel Hamner, Letters to Thomas Callister 1857 Oct, Frame 994:  Pick off the pickets.  Trains not to be burned if they go to Ft. Hall or head back east.  Communications dated 10, 17, 19 October.  Told to memorize instructions and then burn them.  (152)
Frame 1004
								Head Q~ Eastern Expedition
								Camp Head of Echo Oct 19/57
Col. Callister
....  Let all the detachments out understand that if the enemy go to Fort Hall or take the back track East, they are to pass unmolested; but if they turn off and attempt to take the any of the roads leading towards to the settlements  let them not sleep but in death; cut off their pickets and other sentinels and fire into their camps by night, and shoot officers especially, and all they by day guarding against surprise in every form . . . .
			God bless you.  Your bro in Christ
					Daniel H. Wells
					Lt Genl Comdg
PS. I prefer to have the officers receiving written instructions from me  learn them by heart, and then burn them, as it is not desirable to have them fall into the hands of the enemy, which I fear has been the case with Maj. Taylor.
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MS 13152  Dickson, Albert Douglas, 1840-1923, Life History [ca. 1911]  Lot Smith's company was divided into two groups, one burned wagons, which he saw the next day.  Shot at, one horse was knocked down.  Mules didn't bray at night.  (154)
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MS 1293  Read, Thomas, Papers, 1849-1898 (folder 1).  Includes a journal with activities during the Utah War.  I didn't read it because it was difficult and I was in a hurry.  (169)
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MS 18624  Phelps, John Wolcott, Papers 1856-1872.  Captain of Fourth Artillery of US Army during Utah War.  2 Reels.  Reel 1 gives details of capture of Hickman brothers.  Page 61 talks of capture of Taylor, and describes him.   Reel 2, on p. 304 (Dec 9 1857) talks about treason trials to be held by Judge Eccles.  (173)
Monday, Octr 12th [1857]
The command marched up the fork 9.44 miles.  The rear guard did not come up until 4 p.m.
	Two men by the name of Hickman, brothers of Bill Hickman who is celebrated in this country as one of the "Destroying Angels" came into our camp yesterday with a letter from their brother Bill to the sutler of the 10th Infantry.  One of them had a sword belt in his possession which had belonged to the man (Vilkins) who went out gunning on the 7th inst and had not been heard from since.  These men say that Vilkins deserted and that they saw him at Fort Bridger.  That one of them exchanged with him a common belt for the sword belt, and that he was on his way to Salt Lake and California.  They say moreover that Forts Bridger and Supply are burned--ie all the wood work about them.  They disclaim being Mormons, but one of the guards took them up and they will probably be detained for the present.  Col. Alexander gave them an examination to-day.  Our Indian Agent, they say has been carried off by the Utah Indians.
<weather report>
p.61 --details of the capture of Taylor (very faint)
Both letters which I saw have a military character, and both concluded with the expression - "Your brother in Christ"
	This Major Taylor claims a birth place of Kentucky.  He is a man of fine personal appearance and about 30 years of age <hard to read>
p.157 to 165, Interview of Jim Bridger, description of Ft. Bridger.
Reel 2
"Dear Lily" (Dec 9 1857) p. 304
Governor Cummings, Judge Eckels, the States attorney, the Marshall, Indian Agent and other Civil functionaries of the territorial government have established themselves close by us in a collection of huts and tents which they call Eckelsville.  The judge is now holding court there, and may possibly try some few Mormons whom we have in our possession for treason.
=================
MS 1701, Gerber, John Theophilus 1837-1920, Papers, 1856-1920, 2 reels.  Starts 9 May 1858.  Dr. Clinton and other former US prisoners.  Sat. 26th US Army passed through Salt Lake City--8 hours, started at 10:00.  Officers dined at Globe Eating House.  5,000 men, 7,000 mules, 3,000 horses, about 700 wagons, about 30 pieces of artillery.  (174)
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MS 1699  Ballard, Henry, Private Journal of Henry Ballard 1852-1904.  Served under John Bennion.  Prepared Ft. Bridger for burning.  With O.P. Rockwell, burned grass.  Oct 7 1857 capture of Wilcken?  Farm at Fort Supply was run by Provo people.  Soldiers besieged Fort Bridger but no one was there to oppose them.  Released from service 30 Nov 1857.  (183)  [this has been put on web at http://www.hickmanmuseum.homestead.com/Ballard.html]
Oct 13 [1857]  All left Fort Supply except 4 of us.  I was some better but not able for duty.  News came that O.P. Rockwell had taken 600 head of cattle and Wm. Hickman's two brothers had been taken prisoners.  Nine more teamsters from the camp and fifteen of our boys came up in the evening to our camp.
....
Oct. 28.  In camp resting.  Lot and some of his company went to Green River after some cattle that had been taken from a mountaineer by the name of Yeats which was said to be acting as a spy for the soldiers.  He had been taken prisoner.  Two of our boys came in with an express from the soldiers that they were still going down the fork.
....
Nov. 10.  We moved to a point 8 miles down Echo canyon and camped.  One of Hickman's brothers came into camp, he had been freed, his other brother was freed sometime before.  He heard the soldiers saying in camp that they would be in Salt Lake City in eight days without a shot being fired.
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MS 7403 Hillman, Ira King, Record book, 1852-1862.  Arrived with Stephen Markham, Oct 3 1850, lived at Fort Harriman 1852 to 1862.  (185)
West Jordan Ward
February 1th 1857
President Brigham Young
Sir
	Br Ira K Hillman wishes to have permission to take another wife.  I can recommend him to be a faithfull and _ _ _ _ _ jlick Man in the kingdom of our god and punctual in paying Tithing
Yours Truly &c
Joseph Harker, Bishop
....
Tuesday March 22  [1858] News came to the fort that Pres Young preached last sabath and told the people to prepare for leaving here he said that he wanted all the females away from home by the first of May.

Hillman marched to Echo Canyon, located a spot to observe troops from, built a station.  He saw John Kimball carrying a letter from Brigham Young to the soldiers.  Returned to family, Move to Spanish Fork.  Back to Herriman 28 July 1858.
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MS 1469  Taylor, Joseph, Reminiscence 1857.  Activities in Utah War, especially capture and escape from US troops.  (191)
...  Organized under Genl. West in A.D. 1857 into the 5th Battallion and placed as Major of the Company consisting of 100 men, and ordered to Echo Kanyon on the 18th of Septr., taking up our line of march we arrived at Coll. Little's Camp being about the 20th.  Staying one hour we then proceeded on to Col. Jones Camp, 5th.  Received orders to march to Genl. Wells where after our arrival we were dispatched to the Big bend of Bear River to join Col. Burton.  Remaining here two days I was sorely afflicted with Biles, allthough I found it very painfull to ride.  I did not feel like giving up.  Here in company with Major McAllister struck for Bridger next morning.  I struck for the same place--while being here my command was called upon to assist O.P. Rockwell.  Stayed at Bridger two days waiting orders, then marched to cross Green River, then countermanded to Black's Fork.  But not finding any of the command, we were ordered to march to Major McAllisters command.  I then took the most suitable route with 4 men and 10 animals, one of our command bearing westward while some thought I was making to much for the soldiers.  I had very peculiar feelings, such as I had not before experienced, marching along we then camped about 20 miles from the soldiers.  The next morning we took Breakfast my mind still being for a west-ward course, while some of the boys declined going my course.  I then a called a vote, some voting for & some against.  however marching on we came to Ham's Fork which went on to the Camp Grounds where the Soldiers had been 2 nights before.  The boys thought I was crazy.  i followed the soldiers trail about 2 or 3 miles   Then turned round a due west course up on to a little mountain, crossed a small valley and at the foot of the mountain we struck a trail, while south of us we could see a smoke, supposing it to be McAllister's Command at the foot of the mountain.  Adjutant Stowell & myself being a-head we could see a company of men nearly 1 mile before us of soldiers.  I told Adjt. Stowell if he would stop that I would go and see who they were.  I went down when all on a sudden I was flanked by Horsemen.  I drew my pistol and cocked it at them when somethng suggested me not to shoot, they seized my arms & though my natural feelings were to die rather than give them up they dismounted me off my horse and seated me on an old mule & leading the mule they immediately marched and seized Adjutant Stowell dismounting him of his horse and placing him on a mule.  they led us to their Camp were they manifested great rejoicing while Captain Marcy thought they had achieved a great victory in capturing two Mormons & taking them as prisnors.  Adjutant Stowell and myself were kept seperate all night depriving us of the privelege of conversing with each other, being kept in seperate tents it was very cold and they would not allow us any fire, and very little to eat.  I then asked them if that was the way they treated their prisoners, they damned me and told me to stop my talking.  I told them I wanted something to make us comfortable but they declined my conversation.  I told the Sentinel if he would bring me part of my bed he might take the other.  I also inquired after the welfare of Adjt. Stowell, but they would not tell me anything about him, so I sat there in the tent shivering and shaking through the night with cold.  Morning came and great excitement prevailed throughout the Camp.  I prayed earnestly that whatever I might say or do under these circumstances might be for good, at this juncture Adjt. Stowell had been examined before Col. Alexander and I had a great anxiety to learn what he had said, but not knowing I then resolved to say whatever might occur to my mind.  I was then marched to Col. Alexander's quarters whereupon he propounded the following questions.  Are you Major Taylor:  Yes sir.  Where are you from.  bridger, sir.  Where do you live.  In Salt Lake Valley.  What is your business out here.  To fight a mob, sir.  Where was you raised.  All over sit.  Where was you born.  In the State of Kentucky a citizen of the United States.  Col. replied quite indignantly.  You know a God damned sight better.  You are some God damned Englishman or you would have known better.  Excuse me sir I don't know any better.  Guard, m. sent arch him off.  which he did very disgracefully.  In about 3 quarters of an hour the Col. sent for me again, not being fully satisfied he addressed me thus, Major, I have thought to ask you a few more questions, quite in a tone resemling soft soap, to which I rejoined, Sir any information I can furnish you I shall take a pleasure in doing so, to the best of my ability.  Col. asked what is the strength of the Mormon Troops,  From 20 to 25,000 thousand good warriors.  At this broad statement he stood aghast, while I could have hung my hat on his eyes.  They received my official orders at the time we were taken prisnors, in those orders I was with my command to stay the progress of the Expedition, by stampeding their cattle, burning their grass & not to take life only in case of self defense.  Immediately after our examination they held a council of War amongst themselves.  Te decision of Col. Alexr. was to go rop and down Ham's und north, but was voted down by the other officers.  They kept a trotting up and down Ham's Fork day after day keeping a strict guard over us, and issuing orders every two hours for to shoot us dead if we attempted to leave.  Appearances were quite gloomy but we did not feel ou rselves whipped.  We thought there would be an opening for us, at times our boys were seen on the hill and fired at by the soldiers with their artillery and grape shot.  On one occasion a company of our Boys were in sight whereupon the soldiers all mustered and started after them  immediately when two of them were taken prisnors one of them a Blacksmith and the other Steward of the Hospital.  In this affair the Lieutt. of their Command coming into camp fell into the water and lost his arms in the Creek and being dreadfully scared exclaimed.  The Mormons are close upon us and they have taken two of our new prisoners.  By overhearing the conversation of the Coll I learned that it was determined by them to liberate us so that they might get the Blacksmith back again.  After this Sargent Newman presented to Adjt. Stowell and myself each a basin of vegetable soup saying at the same time that soldiers were mostly fond of it.  We shook our heads, while it occurred to our mind as quick as thought with infallible conviction that there was poison in the soup.  We prayed that if its contents were imbued poison it might not injure us, we tasted a little of it, after which we scratched a hole in the ground and deposited the balance.  In a few moments Adjt. Stowell was taken very sick and called on me to pray for him.  I laid my hands upon his head, praying for him in the name of Jesus after which he went to the rear of the camp, puking and purging very severely.  He came back in a short time and found me similarly affected. I asked him to lay his hands upon my head and pray for me which being done, I went to 
to the rear puking and purging most heavily so that I did not get over its effects for a week.
   Col. Cunningham came into the camp with Mogo's wife.  We got down on the Emigration Road and there halted till Col. Johnston came up, the soldiers felt very much worn out and fatigued owing to slow progress and scarcity of provisions.  They swore  that the Mormon Mustang Ponies could run up hill and down as fast as they could on the level surface, and that the Mormos had been invariably in their camp ever since leaving the Missouri River.  Our expectations up to this data had been that when Col. Johnston arrived we should be liberated, but  this we were disappointed.  The soldiers seemed to take courage saying that the Col. was a damnd. old Tiger and would put us through. Accordingly a court of uiry was held and a Writ issued s with the crime of Treason.  I asked the sheriff when the trile would come off to which he answered, the first Judicial Court to be held in Green River County by Judge Eckles, and reported to us by creditable witnesses that I should undoubtedly be hung at Bridger.  The next day they held a Council to make a forced march leaving their heavy waggons and take their light ones, and forthwith march to Echo in five days.
   We knew all they were doing, our ears being open to all they had to say.  I thought this night we could go and leave them, notwithstanding our way seemed to he hedged up, after preparing and being ready to go, I finally gave it up.  After praying I laid down to sleep during which a Woman appeared and called me son, I called her Grandmother, she asked me what I was doing there, I answered a prisnor, madam.  Addressing me again she told me to get up and go home.  At this I awoke and got up cool and deliberate finding all quiet and still.
   The Sentinal in the Front seemed to be asleep.  I took up my sack where I had my clothes and commencing untieing it Bro. Stowell asked me what I was a going to do, I said get up and let us go home, but finding him unable to travell, I exclaimed, Lord, Lord, can I leave him here.  No, No was the answer.  I then laid down by his side after which the Camp arose and took a light breakfast and prepared for a march.  The officers were all brought together and Genl. Johnston assumed the entire command, which placed us under a guard of 24 men.  I felt as though it was a pretty strong force to be in the midst of 3000 soldiers.  We soon took up the line of march for Fort Bridger placing us near the front of the Command 2 men in the Front and 2 in the rear with 3 pieces half -cocked, also 2 officers on our right and 2 on our left with their Revolvers half-cocked by their sides.  In the center of the 24 men they marched us along, when shortly Col. Alexr. came to me and asked me how I felt, to which I replied, that I felt better, as I was great for home, while the fact of our wending our way homeward increased our hope at the same time they seemed to have a despair corresponding.  Captain Donovan said they were bound for Salt Lake City if they had to tramp the snow and that Jesus Christ could not keep them out.  He (the Capn.) said they would place us in the Front Rank, to which we answered that was our rank when at home, especially when there was any fighting to be done.  After the above conversation came up a Mountaineer accosting me said, Good morning Major.  Returning I followed, Good morning Sir.  He continued you are in a bad fix.  I told him that I had seen whole families in a bad fix.  We exchanged a few more words, and the Col. told him to leave and not talk with me.  Soon after this the orders were Stop one hour and let the animals rest.  I asked Bro. Stowell to spread his wrapper on the ground, as I was very tired he then sat down my head being toward his left thigh and commencing conversation with me.  I told him I felt very powerfull more so than I was adequate to express   I said that if we had to get away we ought to exert ourselves, he being very anxious to go indeed, but from severe exposure had got the Rheumatism so bad, being unable to travel.  I told him that I would stop with him till the last.  After this verbal promise, in the afternoon I bid Bro. S. farewell, telling him that I was going to carry the express and that I would remain there no longer.  I felt as though I could say to the entire expedition Shoot away and be damned.
   I told Bro. Stowell To be of good cheer for they should not have power to hurt one hair of his head.  and that I was a going away that Evening.  So I commenced a mimicing and was ailing from this on until I got within a mile of our place of camping, taking a survey of the country    it shortly commenced a snowing and blowing.  I stood shivering and shaking with cold.  I asked the Officer of the Guard to bring me a cup of coffee being almost used up.  He said the Baggage Wagon had not arrived.  I then asked him if he would be kind enough to make me a fire.  Standing there till the fire was made and well surrounded I told him that I could not stand that, that I would take a brand and build another fire.  I then built one 10 or 12 Feet from the one below and shifting about from one to the other, being in great distress.
   I took off my comforter and placed it around my waist, untied my garment strings and shirt neck preparing for a race, at the same time the Sargeant had orders to shoot me down (in case I attempted to leave) like a beast.  I heard a drove of cattle coming, pulled off my Boots and holding them in my hand, it was evident if I did not get better I should necessarily have to go to the hospitall.  In a few minutes the cattle came up, I kept a piling on the sage, untill it fell down on one of the soldiers, which made him curse like the devil.  I told him to please excuse me I did not wish to burn him.  While our being at Ham's Fork we went to Col. Alexr. and asked him what he kept us there for, to which he answered we could go so far as he was concerned.  I stood with my boots in my hand till the cattle came up, then made a spring the third jump took me behind an ox.  I could have struck a man on a mule as I went along, being amongst the cattle   my Buckskin coat made a tremendous crackle, desiring however that my coat might come off so that I wouldn't frighten the cattle and having a boot in each hand, my coat came off but which way I could never tell.  I run about three quarteres of a mile in my stocking feet and by the time I got to the mountains I lost my stockings.  I got up beside the mountain and put on my boots, up on the mountain I heard a tremendous Pow-wowing, after this, I went down on my knees and thanked the Lord for my deliverance.
   The snow was a blowing and it was very cold, which I felt the more sensibly being in my shirt-sleeves.  Travelling about 3 miles as I supposed due East.  I then thought to make for Fort Bridger, but shortly discovered myself on the brink of a Precipice thought I surely the Devil has edged up my way again so that I am never going to get out of it.  At length however I suceeded in making my way out, then travelled East being cautious which way I proceeded fearing lest I should get on the back track and become bewildered.  I rambled on the Rocks travelling all night, forded Smith and Black's Forks.  My close was froze to me, while I was almost froze all over.  Just before daylight a sleep came over me and it was with a great deal of exertion that I could keep awake.  Daylight came and I found myself within about 3 miles of the Emigration Road.  In a parralell course with the road about sunrise as I went along I found a bundle which proved to be an overcoat and in the Pockets were a Pair of Stockings.  I travelled a little ways and came to a broken down old ox.  I tried to knock him down with some rocks but found myself unable to being weak & very hungry, went on a little further   I thought I saw six men ahead of me and I thought was it possible that the Devil had headed me again, travelling along as though they didn't see me went into the hollow--tried to run but could not do it, crawled into some grease-wood, when the parties came up to my aggreable surprise it was John Thomson and 5 others.  I rose up and raising my hat gave 3 cheers for joy.  Bro. Thomson told me to consider myself a Prisnor and come to him.  I got up about three Rods from them while we was very glad to see each other.  Thomson told me to get on his horse, I told them I could not do it, being weak and worn out.  Bro. Thomson called on Bro. Clark to assist him in putting me on this horse, after being seated in the saddle I could ride with some ease.
   We was then 4 miles from Brider.  After reaching Bridger we found the brethren just leaving.  here they got me something to eat, but it was like taking my life, every swallow I took.  They brethren furnished me a good horse and I started for the place of Genl. Wells.  Overtaking him at Muddy I was very glad to see him and informed him of what the soldiers calculated to do.  The Genl. stopped in the Evening and camped about an hour and a half.  Then Bro. Thomson and I started over the Big Mountain which by the time we got on the summitt it seemed as though I would perish, I told Bro. Thomson to take me off my horse, to see if I could walk a little to warm up and aid the circulation.
   He took me off my horse and walking about two rods I felt myself unable to walk from weakness and cold, not being able to keep up.  I laid hold of the Horse's mane and called on Bro. Thomson to put me on my horse again.  Being seated on the horse again Bro. Thomson told me to let out the horse and follow him, the horses bing good ones took us over to Bear River quickly, where we found Captain Haight and company.  They took me off my horse and folded me in some Buffalo Robes, game me warm drink and set me before the fire and administered to me by the laying on of hands after which I felt better.  Early next morning started for Salt Lake City.  Travelling along I stayed invariably with the brethren on the route by whom I was kindly treated and soon arrived in Salt Lake City.  I then went to see Prest. Young and after talking with him for a while, he told me to go and get me a gun and go back again to the mountains.
   So I arose early next morning purchased me a Gun for the sum of $50 dollars.  I then went home reaching there about 3 o'clock in the morning.  Started away again about ten o-clock the same day for Echo with Genl. West's Command.  The war being over we returned home in peace.
		Joseph Taylor
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MS 12133 (Restricted) also MS 9131, MS 17855  Harker, Joseph 1818-1896, Reminiscences and Journal 1855 July-1895.  Account of Harker's life copied into volume purchased in 1882 to record family temple work, with retrospective entries through late 1855, dated entries from September 1855 through March 1859, and reminiscent entries thereafter until January 1895.  Besides record of temple work, volume also includes copies of 1856 patriarchal blessings of Harker and his son Job and 1857 blessing of Job's wife Mary.  Presumably transcribed from handwritten volume cataloged as MS 9131.  Joseph Harker was born 28 Feb 1818 at Pointon, Lincolnshire, England; he died 23 Nov 1896 at Taylorsville, Utah.  (211)

p. 45  1855 David O. Colder and others had come into our Settlement and made arrangements to inlarge our water ditch and shaire with us in the Privelege of the Water and the Land  they did not get the ditch finished in time and Grass oppers came and destroyed all the crops of grain   Some little corn and Potatoes was raised after the opers left the valey in the spring 1855.  A meeting was got up by some of the members of the Ward to have the Garden lots given out to those that live in fort.  I went to their meeting   some of them purposed that Captian Samuel Bennion give the lots out   I told them that the Captain had the laying out of the fort but he had nothing to do with them lots as they had been surveyed two years and I was responcible for them and I should give them out    this set the meeting a rageing and I left it.   the apointed Wm. A. Hickman their speacker and I Could here him rageing againest every thing that had been dun   when I had got half a mile from the house and the lots was never given out and a great meney of them apostised and after wards the fort was vacaket Land and Canel for years. . . .
Mar 24 1857  We met at Wm A. Hickmans and Baptised and confermed his family.
p. 60  (I think he was in Idaho at Fort Limhi)
June 10 1857 eight of us started to the mountains to hunt a Selver mine traveled 25 miles
June 11  we traveled 20 miles and got some mineral and returned 20 miles S[?]ame
June 12  we traveled 12 miles home our mineral proved to be paent [?] or pumker [?]
p. 62
He returned to Taylorsville 18 November 1857 from Fort Limhi.
Decr 29 [1857] I did some bisness with Brother Arnold and Gilbert in the evening I attended a Prayer meeting at Bro Hickmans
Janry 19. 1858  I was at the Bishops meeting in the Tabanacle   Instructions was given by Prest Young for the Bishops to reaise meens in their Wards to sustain a Standing Army and to be prepaired to move into the mountains with all we have got.  I came home in the night very cold.
Janry 30  I was union Fort a Betalion was organized to go into the mountains
March 21  I went to Herriman and heald two meeting.  at night I met with the Brethern at the mill Branch   the word came for to Leave the Valley
March 25  I was ploughing in evening I was at the mill Branch the Brethern wished the Ward to move together.
<spent several days repairing his wagon>
April 1  I was at the mill Branch meeting and made arrangements to move the poor of the Ward South
April 6  I was called up before day to go out and meet our enemys   I made ready and went to the City   Prest Young said we Should move south and leave our homes to make our enemys the agressers all the time
April 7  I was at mill called at Wm Hickmans to do some bisness on way home
April 9  I was repearing my waggons I wrote a letter to F.D. Richards to have Samuel Bennion Released from his milatary Dueties to move his family South
April 13  I was repearing my waggons and I called at Wm Hickmans
April 14  I started out with S. Bennion and Wm Hickman to look out a location for the Ward  at night we stoped at Springvil
April 15  We went to Spanish Fork and Pontoron and found farming land and a good range for Cattle and night we stoped at Provooo with W.T. Smith  we came home from Provoo and we met some thousand teams
May 1  I started with my Wife Eliza to move South with her Children  we traveled 28 miles.
May 2  We traveled 24 miles and camped at Pontoron  the wether is fine   I laid of a place for the Ward to camp on and a correll and commenced to dig a house in the Bank for my family.
May 4  I Returned for the Rest of my family
…
May 11  in the evening we held a meeting and made some arrangement for making a cerrel and hearding our Cattle   Bro Harris had left the Ward and I chose Wm Hickman in his place
M[ay] 29  I started to Provoo and met Wm Hickman   turned back with him
July 1  I attended a council at the Indian farm at Spanish fork   Governer Commings made a treaty with Indains
July 2  I was mending my waggons
July 3  We returned home to our farms
March 8 [1859] Bro Archable Gardner Called at my House  he said he had been Ordained Bishop of this Ward   I Delivered the Ward Books up to him
March 13  I was at the mill meeting Archable Gardner  was received as Bishop of the Ward by a vite of the People
...
Decr [1859] I was laying adobyes for Wm Hickman and plastering my house

1867	This year our Settlement Hauled Rock from the West hills and we Built a Rock meeting House that cost twenty five hundred Dollars to put it up.  I see by my jornal I put in one hundred and forty seven Dollars I also Built my Self a Rock House  my sone Benjamin and myself use to take a team each of us and go in the hills quarry our Rock and load our Waggons and turn our horses out to feed over night   lay our beds for the night at day break   hitch up our teams and get home to breakfast with our load of Rock....
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MS 1807 FD 1-2  Allen, Andrew Jackson, Reminiscences and Journal 1857 July - 1884 Apr.  He was from Draper.  Very detailed, and I think it mentions everything, so much that I didn't take notes (except for the following).  (212)
Oct 14th ... To day one of the Boys that ware taken prisoner came Back  He informed us that there is some mountaineers dooing all against our people they can now   we sent and tuck one of the mountaineers prisoner that kept a trading poast on green River and all his store   His name was yates, there is another by the name of Baker now pileting the armey
"" 24  too more of the teamsters left the soaldiers came to our camp to day there was a passing of men sent to the mountaineers (yates) place to bring in his affects some goods and some animals
p. 161 B. Young offers salt.
p. 162 [Feb] 3 the Callifournia male came in to day.  the news is that the president of the U.S. is going to send on Enough soaldiers to kill all the mormons of.
Feb 27 Visit of Col. Kane.
p. 163  [Mar] 14  the Brethren feel will some profficiing we will soon go Back to Jackson County in Missoury.  to day some snow falling, many of the farmers got there wheat in.
Mar 28  Brigham announces plan to evacuate valley and northern settlements.
April 1  Col. Kane and governor were on the way to the valley, the Move South starts.  Willow Creek relocates to Mountainville (Alpine) in Utah County, 15 miles away.
May 8  Gov. Cumming goes south also.
p. 165  the road were lined with waggons, cattle, horses, sheap & hogs.
p. 166 ... June 28 ... to day I am at my oald place on willow creek.  I can see the soaldiers camp mooving up Jorden
[June] 29  the soaldiers are campt west of the Jorden rivver about 15 miles west of my place   I can see there camp from my House.
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MS 7591  Terry, James Parshall 1830-1918, Reminiscences and Journal, 1886-1893  (213)  Typewritten account of Utah War.  Lists members in Lot Smith's company.  Burned 22 wagons, left 2 unburned.  Reference to Hickman Boys.  p.108 healing of horse's leg.  p. 148 carried mail for YX Company.  Move to Mountainville (Alpine).
Friday 16 [Oct 1857]  At day break we heard a great noise and clatter and a mule bray and supposing it to be the soldiers taking their mules out to herd, we saddled up, left our pack animals with a guard and gave chase in the direction of the noise and when it got light enough to see we discovered it to be the famous jackass cavalry out hunting for us.  They had blind bridles on their mules, some had saddles and some were barebacked.  We crowded them so close that they whirled into line, slipped off their mules and onto one knee and fetched their guns into position for operation, when Capt. [Lot] Smith gave orders for us to form into line which, however was not obeyed, while he rode over to within about three rods of the enemies line.  When Capt. Marcy advanced a little to meet him.  The 2 Captains talked for some minutes.  Lot got off his horse in the time and tightened his saddle.  Capt. Marcy said he was going to hunt a new road down Bear River to get into Salt Lake.  He invited Lot to go and visit Col. Alexander and see the Hickman Boys as the soldiers had them prisoners.  He said the Col. would be glad to see us.  But Capt. Smith declined to accept the invitation as he was not anxious for an introduction to Col. Alexander and thought he might see the Hickman boys some other time.  Finally Capt. Marcy said he must be going and Lot said "I must do the same."  when he joined us when we hurried back to where we had left our pack animals.  And instead of Capt. Marcy and his mule Company going to find their road down Bear River they went to a high ridge to the right of us and rode along nearly opposite and in sight of us.  When we reached our pack animals there was three companies of Infantry coming from the Soldier Camp to intercept us and had we been five minutes later or that much sooner we would have been completely penned in at this time as the foot men were coming down upon our left and March [Marcy] with his jackass cavalry was coming up our right; but we hastily crossed Ham's Fork below us and followed up behind a ridge and mostly out of sight but in hailing distance and there was some unbecoming language passed between them and some of our boys.  When we reached the top of the ridge we stopped a few minutes to rest and while we did so I've heard later and I think the Hickman Boys said the soldiers was getting their old long tom as they called it ready to fire us a . . . .
I was standing close by Lot when he said pointing to a nice little valley just in front of us that we was going to pass through and said wouldn't that be a good place to stop and get breakfast, although we had nothing to make breakfast out of  I answered I think not.  Some of the boys said if we had them, meaning the soldiers in the valley before mentioned, wouldn't it be a nice place to shoot at them.
We started down into the valley and the soldiers came up and occupied the position which we had just left and instead of us shooting at them, they were shooting at us at a range of about 100 to 150 yards distance.  I counted 25 or 30 shots when they came so fast I could not count them, but we were miraculously preserved that there was not a man nor horse killed or hurt.  Though there had a bullet cut through one man's hat band and another grazed a horse's leg, it showed plain the mark of the bullet.  A little incident occurred soon after this which I think might be worthy of note and it was commented on at the time.  Some of our Boys shot at sage chickens and antelope at very close range but could not kill nor hit any of them.  Thus there seems to be a power which we know but little about that directs or guides the bullet by times as it will.  We didn't get to where we aimed to camp to night till after sun down.  I will here refer to another incident and it was in the evening after our experience with the jackass cavalry in the morning and we had had nothing to eat from about 3 o clock in the afternoon the day before and then about half a meal.  There had been some beef killed and dressed for us when we got to camp which we had procured from the soldiers a few days before.  There was no bread nor flour in camp as our brethren Wm. Joseph Taylor and Wm. Stowell who was bringing supplies to us was taken prisoners by the soldiers.
1857 Oct   Late as it was there was arrangements being made to commisary the meat out to us but Lot seeing how things was shaping soon put a quietus to the commissary business by saying "Boys, here's meat, help yourselves," which we did in great earnest.  I want to say in honor to Lot Smith that I never travelleed or would wish to travel with a better officer than he was.  He was a boy with the Boys.  Always shared what he had with them and fared just as they did.  Was one to do more than his part in standing guard or anything else that needed to be done.
Saturday 17th  Laid in camp on the Muddy.  Sent 10 men to look around the enemy camp.  We had a big snow storm at night.
Sun. 18  We went to Fort Bridger the day was very cold and stormy.
Mon 19  Went to our camp on Smith's Fork.
Tuesday 20  Snowing in the morning . . . .
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MS 8517  Scrapbook 1857-1886.  Articles from New York Daily Tribune from correspondent Albert G. Brown, Jr.  Detailed account of progress of Utah Expedition including taking of prisoners.  (228)
Camp of the Junction of SMITH's AND BLACK's FORK, U.T., Nov. 13, 1857
   On the 8th instant, Dr. Hickman was released from custody by Col. Johnston, and sent part way toward Fort Bridger, under escort.  His younger brother, it will be remembered, was dispatched toSalt Lake City with letters to Brigham Young, by Col. Alexander, last month.  Various reasons have been suggested for the release of the doctor.  In the absence of any official information from headquarters, I would suggest that his liberation was considered as an equivalent to the release of Mrs. Mogo and Mr. Jesse Jones by the Mormons.  George Grant (the brother of the late Jedediah M. Grant) waited on Mrs. Mogo officially, in Salt Lake City, about Oct 20, and informed her that in case she should be sent to her husband, it would be expected that Dr. Hickman should be given up.  
   On the 9th a rumor reached camp that the doctor had failed "to make the connection," or in other words, that after his escort had left him he had been assassinated by a mountaineer, whose name was privately mentioned.  It is certain that the mule on which the doctor rode into camp in October and rode out in November, belonged to part of a herd which was stolen from this same mountaineer last year; but I utterly discredit the rumor of the assassination.  If it is confirmed, there is no doubt that the perpetrator of the act will be treated, according to his deserts, like a murderer. . . .
New York Daily Trubune Dec 28 1857
CAMP IN THE SOUTH PASS, Oct. 22, 1857
. . . .  Two more prisoners were made by Col. Alexander's command, on whose persons were found documents issued by Wells, enjoining them to retard the progress of the army by burning grass, stealing cattle, destroying trains, or any other means short of taking life.  One of them is named Taylor and the other Stowell.  The two prisoners taken previously prove to be brothers of the notorious "Bill" Hickman.  The younger of them has been sent to Salt Lake City with a message or a letter, of the contents of which I am uninformed, the elder being retained as surety for his return.  A prisoner has also been made to-day in Col. Smith's camp, who confesses that the Mormon band which burned the trains on Green River endeavored to employ him to steal cattle, &c. . . .
CAMP ON THE BIG SANDY,
UTAH TERRITORY, Oct. 30, 1857
   . . . . Two scouts, sent in advance, have returned tonight with the news that a band of fifty Mormons made a decent yesterday upon the stock of the mountaineers along Green River, and stole 53 horses and 117 oxen from the neighborhood of Baptiste's trading post.  "Bill" Hickman was in the party, and the herd-boy, whom they carried with them for several miles, says that Lieutenant-General Wells, the Mormon Commander-in-Chief, was engaged in the notable business.  This Wells is the third and junior member of the Presidency of the Church, his seniors and associates being Young and Kimball.  In looking over Capt. Stansbury's Book this evening, I notice that on page 145 he quotes a speech by Wells as proof of the loyalty of the Mormons to the United States.  His predecessor in the Presidency was Jedediah M. Grant, who died last Spring, and bequeathed his harem to his successor. . . .
   The 700 cattle which were driven off from the rear of Col. Alexander's command, on or about Oct. 13, were all the property of Russell & Waddell.  In the attacking party, beside Porter Rockwell, were Lot Smith, who seems to have been the commander, and Joseph Taylor, the same man who is now a prisoner in camp.  The evidence against the latter was of such a nature as to justify the issue of a writ, which was served on him today, holding him to answer to a charge of high treason.
[James Rupe Testimony, 5 Nov 1857:  saw no less than 200 Mormons driving cattle]:
   When I saw them coming I started with Stephen Rennebarger, one of the men employed about the cattle, to meet them.  The first one I met was on horseback, like all the rest; his name is Porter Rockwell.  I had known him previously.  I shook hands with him.  He said, "It's all wheat--you can go ahead."  In the mean time, the rest of the party rode on some fifty yards.  Rockwell left me and joined them, but immediately turned back toward me.  I rode to meet him.  He then asked where the Hickmans were.  I said, "In camp."  He asked, "Prisoners?"  I said, "Yes."  Then he said, "Tell that d--d old Colonel to turn those men loose, or Bill will scalp some of them."  By Bill I understood him to mean William Hickman, and I understood him to speak of scalping the troops.  He said also, "Tell them, when you go to camp, to turn back, or they will all be butchered; I don't want to see it."
[Margaret Mogo, 16 Nov 1857]:
   My baby died on Saturday, October 31.  On that day we reached Fort Bridger.  There we stopped some time, but I was kept shut up in the carriage all the while.  George Grant came to the carriage there and spoke to me.  William Hickman stopped there.  His younger brother, who had joined us in one of the Canons, and the two Sharps, arvey and Mr. Jones came on to Col. Alexander's camp with me, where we arrived on Sunday, November 1. . . .
   Mr. Bell told me, before I left, that Mr. Jones and myself were sent out by the Mormons for the purpose of getting Dr. Hickman released and sent back to Salt Lake City.  Dr. Hickman is a brother of William Hickman, and was at the time a prisoner in Col. Alexander's camp.
CAMP SCOTT, Jan. 3, 1858
   [Feldmann]:  . . . . He confirms the suspicion that a most atrocious murder was committed by William A. Hickman, the chief Thug or Danite, on a mountaineer named Yates, in October.  To the circumstances attending Yates's disappearance and probable death I have heretofore only distantly alluded, for I was unwilling to lay charges incapable of proof against a man who is already burdened with a greater variety of crimes than any villain mentioned in the Causee Celebres.
   Yates and Ely, two mountaineers, had a small post on Green River, near Baptiste Luoison's, and lived by raising and trading cattle.  When Col. Alexander's command crossed the river last September, Yates disposed to the army some kegs of gunpowder which he was keeping for sale at his post.  He also contracted to supply the commissary with some beef cattle, and a few days afterward drove them up to the camp on Ham's Fork, and received in payment more than $1,000.  On his return to Green River a party of Mormons captured him, and conveyed him to Fort Bridger.  From there he was taken to Salt Lake City, and after being confined for a few days was allowed to start eastward, accompanied by Hickman.  Since the day he started nothing has been heard of him except the report which is now brought by Feldmann, that he was murdered and robbed by Hickman, as being a man who had forfeited his life to the Mormon god for the sin against the Church of the Latter-Day Saints of having sold gunpowder to the United States Army.  It is said that Hickman acknowledges the murder, and has exhibited articles which are known to have been in the dead man's possession.